Spatial and temporal variations of grassland vegetation on the Mongolian Plateau and its response to climate change

The Mongolian Plateau is an arid and semi-arid region with grassland as its main vegetation. It has a fragile ecosystem sensitive area for global warming. study based on MODIS NDVI data growth season meteorological from 2000 to 2018, this examined the spatial temporal variation characteristics of vegetation during growing using trend analysis, partial correlation residual it explores dual response changes climate human activities. study’s findings demonstrated that average plateau gradually increased southwest northeast season; significant overall increase 0.023/10a ( p < 0.05) rate 0.030/10a in Inner Mongolia 0.019/10a Mongolia; showing accounted 91.36% entire area. In grasslands 2000–2018, precipitation downward surface shortwave radiation grew significantly at rates 34.83mm/10a 0.57 W/m2/10a, respectively, while air temperature decreased slightly −0.018°C/10a. Changes factors varied by well, seeing higher precipitation, lower temperature, than Mongolia. On Plateau, showed positive (0.31) negative (−0.09) (−0.19), indicating was driven paired decrease radiation. caused activity primarily positive, around 18.37% being beneficial. Climate change both affect variations grasslands, which are spatially heterogeneous. Moderate ecological engineering agricultural production activities crucial recovery. This work further understanding surface–atmosphere interactions regions context change.